Opera of the Future
How musical composition, performance, and instrumentation can lead to innovative forms of expression, learning, and health.

The Opera of the Future group (also known as Hyperinstruments) explores concepts and techniques to help advance the future of musical composition, performance, learning, and expression. Through the design of new interfaces for both professional virtuosi and amateur music-lovers, the development of new techniques for interpreting and mapping expressive gesture, and the application of these technologies to innovative compositions and experiences, we seek to enhance music as a performance art, and to develop its transformative power as counterpoint to our everyday lives. The scope of our research includes musical instrument design, concepts for new performance spaces, interactive touring and permanent installations, and "music toys." It ranges from extensions of traditional forms to radical departures, such as the Brain Opera, Toy Symphony and Death and the Powers.

Research Projects

  • Advanced Audio Systems for Live Performance

    Tod Machover and Ben Bloomberg

    This project explores the contribution of advanced audio systems to live performance, their design and construction, and their integration into the theatrical design process. We look specifically at innovative input and control systems for shaping the analysis and processing of live performance; and at large-scale output systems which provide a meaningful virtual abstraction to DSP in order to create flexible audio systems that can both adapt to many environments and achieve a consistent and precise sound field for large audiences.

  • Automatic Drum Sample Classification

    Eyal Shahar

    Both professional and hobbyist musicians rely heavily on their computers to make music, and usually find themselves with hard drives full of samples. The majority are individual drum samples, often called "hits" or "one shots." Arranging these samples in folders is usually done manually, by listening to each sample and moving it into a desired folder. While making music, retrieval of these samples is done, once more, by tedious auditions of each and every one. This project is a first step towards making the life of the computer-based musician a little bit easier by automatically classifying these samples and allowing better methods of retrieval.

  • Bibliodoptera

    Peter Torpey and Elena Jessop

    Bibliodoptera is an installation commissioned for the MIT 150th Anniversary Celebration FAST Festival of Art, Science, and Technology. A cloud of vellum butterflies, newly emerged from the chrysalis of MIT’s diverse library pages, floats above in the corridor between the Lewis and Hayden Libraries on MIT’s campus. Trajectories through the cloud illuminate to guide passersby along the length of the corridor. This installation is an unobtrusive but strikingly beautiful symbol of the guiding knowledge of the arts and humanities that have been developed and pursued at MIT over the last 150 years. The butterflies, printed with text from books, sheet music and pages of MIT theses, are interactively illuminated by small lights from within.

  • Brain Instrument Interfaces

    Adam Boulanger

    We are developing a multimodal interface for hand rehabilitation following stroke. EMG forearm sensors read attempted finger presses in disordered limbs, and serve as an input to an expressive feedback interface. Auditory, visual, and tactile cues are presented to support rehabilitation of the representation of finger movements across sensory domains. The multisensory feedback is embedded in a rich task, situated between piano learning and expressive music performance. A user of this system will rehabilitate finger movement while developing an expressive music performance. Imagine a complete shift in the form and function of rehabilitation, towards something empowering, where individuals strive in tandem with tailored interfaces, mapped to push them forward at each step, and as part of fundamentally enriching expressive tasks. Our rehabilitative health care environments can sculpt our minds, while changing our lives, if we invent the right tools.

  • Chroma District

    Tod Machover, Eyal Shahar and Akito Oshiro van Troyer

    Chroma District was installed as a part of MIT's FAST festival. It consisted of lanterns hung from trees near the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. The lanterns were illuminated with different colors, and each one produced its own unique sound, which had been recorded locally. In its idle state, each lantern softly played a sound and emitted a gentle light. When a visitor approached a lantern, its sound and color passed from one lantern to another, increasing in intensity along the way and illuminating the path forward.

  • Cicadence

    Eyal Shahar and Catherine Winfield

    Cicadence is an interactive soundscape. Created through a bio-mimetic process, it examines and is inspired by the auditory experience produced by a cicada.

  • CogNotes: Cognitive Assessment in Social Media-Enabled Creativity Tools

    Tod Machover and Adam Boulanger

    With CogNotes, new music composition tools become platforms for cognitive assessment. CogNotes users engage their memory as they emerge as composers and participants in their own health process. Together with partners the Lincoln Park Performing Arts School and the Yamaha Corporation, a group of seniors are undertaking an extensive multi-month music composition workshop built around Tod Machover's Hyperscore program. The program is outfitted with cognitive measures sensitive to the earliest transition to Alzheimer's Disease, validated as part of post-doc Adam Boulanger's research with Harvard Medical School and the Alzheimer's Association. Disease assessment can be part of your everyday, creative, and rewarding life. You can be the manager of your own health information as part of the activities you love.

  • Dance Remixer

    Tod Machover and Janice Wang

    The Dance Remixer is a program that transforms any piece of music into something that people can dance to. The program remixes music to add customizable rhythmic elements, for instance, those typical to latin dance music. The Dance Remixer is a first step towards personalizing the way people interact with music, by giving the user the ability to modify its function and emotional content.

  • Death and the Powers: Redefining Opera

    Tod Machover, Ben Bloomberg, Peter Torpey, Elena Jessop, Bob Hsiung, Michael Miller, Akito van Troyer, and Eyal Shahar

    "Death and the Powers" is a groundbreaking opera that brings a variety of technological, conceptual, and aesthetic innovations to the theatrical world. Created by Tod Machover (composer), Diane Paulus (director), and Alex McDowell (production designer), the opera uses the techniques of tomorrow to address age-old human concerns of life and legacy. The unique performance environment, including autonomous robots, expressive scenery, new Hyperinstruments, and human actors, blurs the line between animate and inanimate. The opera premiered in Monte-Carlo in fall 2010, with additional performances in Boston and Chicago in 2011 and continuing engagements worldwide.

  • Disembodied Performance

    Tod Machover, Peter Torpey and Elena Jessop

    Early in the opera "Death and the Powers," the main character Simon Powers is subsumed into a technological environment of his own creation. The set comes alive through robotic, visual, and sonic elements that allow the actor to extend his range and influence across the stage in unique and dynamic ways. This environment must assume the behavior and expression of the absent Simon; to distill the essence of this character, we recover performance parameters in real time from physiological sensors, voice, and vision systems. Gesture and performance parameters are then mapped to a visual language that allows the off-stage actor to express emotion and interact with others on stage. To accomplish this, we have developed a suite of innovative analysis, mapping, and rendering software systems. Our approach takes a new direction in augmented performance, employing a non-representational abstraction of a human presence that fully translates a character into an environment.

  • DrumTop

    Tod Machover and Akito Oshiro van Troyer

    This project aims to transform everyday objects into percussive musical instruments, encouraging people to rediscover their surroundings through musical interactions with the objects around them. DrumTop is a drum machine made up of eight transducers. Placing objects on top of the transducers triggers a "hit," causing sounds to come out from the objects themselves. In addition, users can program drum patterns by pushing on a transducer, and the weight of an object can be measured to control the strength of a “hit.”

  • Gestural Media Framework

    Tod Machover and Elena Jessop

    Many performance artists and interaction designers use human gestures to drive, manipulate, or generate digital media. However, the existing systems for developing mappings between incoming data streams and output media have extremely low-level concepts of “gesture,” forcing the user to focus on the particulars of input sensor or video data, rather than on meaningful and expressive gestures. We are developing a new framework for gestural control of media in performance, allowing users to easily create clear, intuitive, and comprehensible mappings by using high-level descriptions of gestures and of gestural qualities. This system currently is realized in a set of tools for gestural media manipulation in performance and rehearsal, mapping gestural vocabularies and qualities of movement to parameters of interactive visual applications.

  • Hyperinstruments

    Tod Machover

    The Hyperinstrument project creates expanded musical instruments and uses technology to give extra power and finesse to virtuosic performers. They were designed to augment a wide range of traditional musical instruments and have been used by some of the world's foremost performers (Yo-Yo Ma, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Peter Gabriel, and Penn & Teller). Research focuses on designing computer systems that measure and interpret human expression and feeling, exploring appropriate modalities and content of interactive art and entertainment environments, and building sophisticated interactive musical instruments for non-professional musicians, students, music lovers, and the general public. Recent projects involve both new hyperinstruments for children and amateurs, and high-end hyperinstruments capable of expanding and transforming a symphony orchestra or an entire opera stage.

  • Hyperscore

    Mary Farbood and Tod Machover

    Hyperscore is an application to introduce children and non-musicians to musical composition and creativity in an intuitive and dynamic way. The "narrative" of a composition is expressed as a line-gesture, and the texture and shape of this line are analyzed to derive a pattern of tension-release, simplicity-complexity, and variable harmonization. The child creates or selects individual musical fragments in the form of chords or melodic motives, and layers them onto the narrative-line with expressive brushstokes. The Hyperscore system automatically realizes a full composition from a graphical representation, allowing individuals with no musical training to create professional pieces. Currently, Hyperscore uses a mouse-based interface; the final version will support freehand drawing, and integration with the Music Shapers and Beatbugs to provide a rich array of tactile tools for manipulation of the graphical score.

  • Media Scores

    Tod Machover and Peter Torpey

    Media Scores extends the concept of a musical score to other modalities to facilitate the process of authoring and performing multimedia compositions, providing a medium through which to realize a modern-day Gesamtkunstwerk. Through research into the representation and the encoding of expressive intent, systems for composing with media scores are being developed. Using such a tool, the composer will be able to shape an artistic work that may be performed through human and technological means in a variety of media and modalities. Media scores offer the potential for authoring content considering live performance data and the potential for audience participation and interaction. This paradigm bridges the extremes of the continuum from composition to performance, allowing for improvisatory compositional acts at performance time. The media score also provides a common point of reference in collaborative productions as well as the infrastructure for real-time control of technologies used during live performance.

  • Mobile Music Diagnostics: Targeting Alzheimer's Disease

    Alzheimer's Association, Tod Machover, Adam Boulanger, Intel and McLean Geriatric Hospital

    The scientific community is making marked progress in the area of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment: memory-related pharmaceuticals are available, the neurobiology of AD is fairly well understood, and the genetic underpinnings of the disease continue to be unraveled. However, despite these advances, it has been shown that individuals often present the symptoms of AD years before they seek a diagnosis. The barrier to treatment is the lack of structure with which to obtain a diagnosis or even predict the onset of disease in a stigmatized environment. With technology, we can build clinically valid assessment into the tools we use every day—the tools we care about. We are developing music tools to detect cognitive performance in the memory domains at risk of decline in the earliest stages of AD. These tools are mobile, longitudinal, and the patient is the first point of feedback.

  • Music, Mind, and Health

    Tod Machover and Adam Boulanger

    Our work in Music, Mind, and Health has culminated in a recent PhD thesis, showing the technologies and perspectives required to build on the transformative nature of music to drive specific neurological, physical, and psychological change. A radically new "Personal Instrument" is currently being used by Dan Ellsey, a quadraplegic individual, who controls this interface to sculpt an expressive performance of music in real time. A three-month study of Ellsey's expressive behavior—its potential as well as its limits—resulted in an interface tailored just for him, enabling him to access expressive performance despite his physical disability. This new line of work highlights principles for future instruments and applications, where the impact is in the marriage of the interface and uniqueness of the person. In this way, we are pursuing new design philosophies, technologies, and collaborations within the scientific community, public performance, and clinical research.

  • Musical Robotics

    Tod Machover, Michael Miller, Bob Hsiung, Karen Hart, and Donald Eng

    Robots and performers make beautiful music together. The opera "Death and the Powers" features a chorus of seven-foot tall, autonomous, polymorphic Operarobots and three large fifteen-foot tall robotic walls. At various times, these function as characters, set pieces, and lighting elements. Using state-of-the-art control electronics, and a novel real-time performance control system, a total of 9 individually addressable Operabots reflect on, participate in, and illuminate the action onstage.

  • muStick

    Eyal Shahar

    muStick is a tribal instrument turned digital. It is a simple stick to which sensors are attached. They detect the thumping of the stick against the ground and tapping on the stick. The angle at which the stick is held is also measured. These signals are tranformed into MIDI signals, and turn μStick into a simple yet powerful music controller.

  • Percolator

    Tod Machover, Akito Oshiro van Troyer and Nancy Ouyang

    Percolator is the next generation DrumTop. It extends people's musical experience with everyday objects, not just by making them into percussive musical instruments, but also by encouraging collaboration among Percolator users. Percolator is a mobile drum machine that people can carry around and collaboratively discover their surroundings through musical interactions with the objects around them. Multiple Percolators are synchronized in tempo with visual feedback: placing objects, programming drum patterns, and changing tempo are all intuitively done with regard to banging and pressing Percolator.

  • Personal Opera

    Tod Machover and Peter Torpey

    Personal Opera is a radically innovative creative environment that enables anyone to create musical masterpieces sharing one’s deepest thoughts, feelings, and memories. Based on our design of, and experience with, such projects as Hyperscore and the Brain Opera, we are developing a totally new environment to allow the incorporation of personal stories, images, and both original and well-loved music and sounds. Personal Opera builds on our guiding principle that active music creation yields far more powerful benefits than passive listening. Using music as the through-line for assembling and conveying our own individual legacies, Personal Opera represents a new form of expressive archiving; easy to use and powerful to experience. In partnership with the Royal Opera House in London, we have begun conducting Personal Opera workshops specifically targeting seniors to help them tell their own meaningful stories through music, text, visuals, and acting.

  • Skellig: A "Surround" Opera

    Tod Machover, Ben Bloomberg and Simone Ovsey

    Skellig is an opera with music by Tod Machover and a libretto based on the best-selling novel for young people by David Almond. It premiered in the UK in November 2008. Besides blending acoustics and electronics, natural noise, and soaring melodies, Skellig also presents several live performance breakthroughs. A non-professional teenage chorus is used throughout, blended seamlessly with high-level professionals; this chorus is guided by an interactive "sonic score" that provides auditory cues, textures to imitate, and electronic reinforcement for the entire 100-minute show. In addition, specially designed "ambisonics" were developed to allow sound to emanate from the stage and engulf the audience in all dimensions, the first time such a technique has been used in a full-scale theatrical setting.

  • SLEAP

    Tod Machover and Akito Oshiro van Troyer

    Mobile social computing is becoming a practical and alternative way to reach audience members in music performance scenes, but musicians and vendors of music performances need to know how to design social music computing services that encourage audience members to actively participate in a given musical performance. We are developing new and compelling technologies for Social Live Enhanced Audience Performance (SLEAP) that connect audience members and musicians in new ways based on mobile social computing systems. We are collaborating with a consortium of major symphony orchestras as well as the Punchdrunk theater group.

  • SoundStrand

    Tod Machover and Eyal Shahar

    SoundStrand is a music composition toy. It comprises a set of building blocks, each containing a musical motif. The blocks can be connected to each other to create a musical theme. They can also be manipulated with three degrees of freedom: elongation changes the rhythmic distribution of the notes; bending changes the direction of the melody; and twisting changes the harmonic context.

  • Spheres and Splinters

    Tod Machover, Ben Bloomberg, and Peter Torpey

    Spheres and Splinters is a new work composed by Tod Machover for hypercello, electronics, and responsive visuals commissioned fo Faster than Sound at Aldeburgh Music. The work premiered with celllist Peter Gregson in the UK in 2010 and had its US premiere as part of FAST Festival of Art, Science, and Technology in celebration of MIT's 150th anniversary. Utilizing audio analysis and a multitude of wireless sensors on the cello and the bow that capture how the instrument is being played, the performer has control over transformations and extensions of the sound produced. This control extends into the ambisonic spatialization of sound in the performance space. The performance data is also used to produce realtime visual accompaniment on an array of LED strips surrounding the cellist.

  • The Chandelier

    Tod Machover, Wei Dong, Paula Marie Countouris, Karen Hart and Calvin Chung

    The Chandelier is a large-scale robotic musical instrument that is being developed for "Death and the Powers." Its 48 strings can be actuated both through powerful electromagnets, and tactilely (plucked like a harp or bowed like a cello). With the strings driven by electromagnets, the tactile player can also repeatedly damp strings or create overtones by carefully touching the strings' anti-nodes, creating a new intimacy between players, who play not just the same instrument, but the same strings. The Chandelier is composed of many systems—logic for control of music and lighting, networked servers, and playable interfaces—all built around an elegant, articulated skeletal structure which allows changes to the length, angle, and tensions of the strings. We are currently experimenting with playing it through new types of interfaces to take advantage of its unusual tuning and sonorities.

  • Toy Symphony

    Tod Machover

    Toy Symphony combines children, virtuosic soloists, composers, and symphony orchestras around the world to alter radically how children are introduced to music, as well as to redefine the relationship between professional musicians and young people. A complete set of Music Toys will be distributed to children in each host city (including Berlin, Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester/London, and Tokyo), where children will be mentored to create their own sounds and compositions for toys and traditional instruments. A pedagogy for using these Music Toys to teach and to instill a love for musical creativity will also be developed. Final concerts will be presented in each host city including children's compositions and specially commissioned works by young composers, to be performed by children, soloists, and orchestra, playing Music Toys, Hyperinstruments, and traditional instruments.

  • Vocal Augmentation and Manipulation Prosthesis (VAMP)

    Tod Machover and Elena Jessop

    The Vocal Augmentation and Manipulation Prosthesis (VAMP) is a gesture-based, wearable controller for live-time vocal performance. This controller allows a singer to capture and manipulate single notes that she sings, using a gestural vocabulary developed from that of choral conducting. By drawing from a familiar gestural vocabulary, this controller and the associated mappings can be more intuitive to both performer and audience. This instrument was inspired by the character of Nicholas in Death and the Powers.

  • Vocal Vibrations: Expressive Performance for Body-Mind Wellbeing

    Tod Machover and Elena Jessop

    The voice and the body are instruments that everyone possesses–they are incredibly individual, infinitely expressive, and intimately linked to one's own physical form. As such, they can affect us on both emotional and anatomical levels. Building on our recent work on capturing operatic performances for Death and the Powers, we are now creating the next generation of tools for analyzing and enhancing expressive vocal and physical performance. Using sophisticated voice, breath, and movement analysis techniques, we seek to develop compelling artistic experiences that encourage the use of the body and singing voice in ways that are physiologically and emotionally beneficial.