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Nathan W Whitmore, Samantha W.T. Chan, Abigail Dulski, Anita Podrug, Nelson Hidalgo, Nnamdi Obi, Varun K. Viswanath, Michael S. Freedman, Viswam Nathan, Pattie Maes. "Slow wave stimulation using a smartwatch improves sleep quality." bioRxiv 2025.07.28.666762; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.28.666762
Poor sleep affects millions, increasing long-term health risks. Slow wave entrainment (SWE) is a promising method for improving sleep. While typically lab-based, we developed a smartwatch app to perform SWE and tested it with 93 participants at home. We found our app significantly increased slow wave and delta power amplitude, consistent with lab-based SWE protocols. This stimulation also reduced sleep fragmentation. Furthermore, we found that the increased slow wave amplitude was linked to improvements in mood and cognition measures, indicating the induced slow waves were functional. SWE produced the largest benefits in mood for participants who reported higher levels of pre-existing sleep problems. Our results demonstrate the potential for individuals to improve their sleep and cognition using a health smartwatch that performs SWE, offering an accessible tool for millions to enhance their sleep quality and health.