Scott W. Greenwald, Markus Funk, Luke Loreti, David Mayo, Pattie Maes

Abstract

Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context (EVA) is a concept for mediated teaching and learning that sits at the intersection of exploratory learning, telepresence, and attention awareness. The companion teacher is informed about the attentional state and environment of the learner, and can refer directly to this environment through marking or annotation. To the learner, the companion is virtual – either human or automatic – and, if human, either physically copresent or remote. The content and style of presentation are tailored to the learner’s momentary level of interest or focus, and her attention can be guided to salient environmental elements (e.g. visual) in order to convey desired information. We define a design space for such systems, which applies to learning in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, and can be employed as a framework for design and evaluation. We demonstrate this through trials with two proof-of-concept systems, one in AR and one in VR, with a human companion. We conclude that the EVA design space defines a powerful set of systems for learning and finish by presenting guidelines for making such systems maximally effective