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W. Akbar, A. Allam and F. Adib, "Underwater Backscatter Networking for Subsea IoT: A Link-Budget Analysis in Practical Ocean Channels," in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 1703-1717, July 2025, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3538946.
Waleed Akbar, Ahmed Allam, and Fadel Adib. 2023. The Underwater Backscatter Channel: Theory, Link Budget, and Experimental Validation. Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 51, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3613265
Aline Eid, Jack Rademacher, Waleed Akbar, Purui Wang, Ahmed Allam, and Fadel Adib. 2023. Enabling Long-Range Underwater Backscatter via Van Atta Acoustic Networks. In ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference (ACM SIGCOMM ’23), September 10, 2023, New York, NY, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19 pages
Afzal, S.S., Akbar, W., Rodriguez, O. et al. Battery-free wireless imaging of underwater environments. Nat Commun 13, 5546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33223-x